Researchers from Washington State University found that a small amount of simulated crushed Martian rock was mixed with titanium alloy to produce a more solid and high-performance material during 3D printing, which can be used to manufacture tools and rocket components for exploring the red planet. This breakthrough could make future space travel cheaper and more practical.
To do this, researchers tested Martian rock dust (regolith). This is a black powdery material used to simulate the rock material found on the surface of Mars, which is collected by the robotic arm of the Mars probe. The researchers used a powder based 3D printer to mix the simulated Martian rock dust with titanium alloy. Titanium alloys are often used in space exploration because of their heat resistance and strength.
The researchers used high-power lasers to heat materials to more than 2000 degrees Celsius to melt them. Next, the molten mixture is poured onto a moving platform, and researchers can create different sizes and shapes. After the material cooled, the researchers tested its strength and durability.
It is worth noting that the researchers used Martian regolith from 5% to 100% in their printing. The parts made by adding only 5% of the Martian weathering layer have no cracks or bubbles, which is better and stronger than titanium alloy alone. This means it can be used to make lighter parts and still withstand heavy loads. While objects made of 100% weathered layer are more likely to crack and lack strength, however, this material can still be used to make paint to protect equipment from rust or radiation damage.
This innovation could make it possible to make parts directly on Mars. Washington State University professor Amit Bandi Opadi said that it is difficult for manned spacecraft missions to bring everything into space, and if they forget a tool when carrying out missions, they cannot return to Earth immediately to get it. In addition, it will cost about US $54000 to put only one kilogram of material into Earth orbit. Therefore, anything that can be made directly in space or on Mars can save the cost and weight of the space shuttle.
Bandi Opadi said that the research is still at an early stage, and the team hopes to get better results by using different metal or 3D printing technologies.
