Titanium and titanium alloys are widely used in nuclear submarines, deep submersibles, atomic energy icebreakers, hydrofoil ships, hovercraft, minesweepers, and propeller propellers, whip antennas, seawater pipelines, condensers, heat exchangers, acoustic devices, and fire fighting equipment.
Titanium pressure hull is mainly used in deep-sea submersibles, and titanium pressure hull is used in different degrees at home and abroad. For example, the "Haiya" submersible of the United States is equipped with a titanium observation module and a control module, with a diving depth of 6100m. China has also made great achievements in the technology of deep submersibles. The self-designed Jiaolong submersible has reached a depth of more than 5000m. But in
Russia is the only country that uses large amounts of titanium on large submarines. Its six "Typhoon" nuclear submarines are mainly made of industrial pure titanium, Ti64, Ti64ELI, Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo, Ti-3Al-2.5V, IIT-3B, IIT-7M, etc.
1. Nuclear submarine
Russia is in the international leading position in the research and manufacturing technology of titanium alloy nuclear submarines, and is also the first country to build pressure hull with titanium alloy. During the peak period, the annual output of titanium alloy thick plates and tubes for submarines reached million tons, accounting for 30%~50% of the annual output of titanium alloy processing materials.
2. All titanium ship
In 1985, Japan's Toshiba Titanium Co., Ltd. and Fujishin Shipyard jointly built the "Molitsky II" all-titanium speedboat, which sold well in the United States for a period of time.
The advantages are light weight, fast speed, small engine, low fuel cost, low carbon dioxide emissions, no need for surface coating, easy cleaning of attachments, etc. The disadvantages are high material cost, difficult processing and manufacturing technology, and strict protection requirements. The ship test results show that the ship speed stability, vibration and noise are very good.
3. Deep submersibles, rescue boats and ship parts
The United States, Japan and France have successively built deep submersibles, using titanium and titanium alloy to make pressure housings. Among them, Ti-6Al-2Nb-1Ta-0.8Mo alloy is used to manufacture the shell of American Aivin and Sea-Clifi deep submersibles; Ti-6Al-4V ELI alloy is used for the buoyancy ball of the French SM97, the American Aivin, the Japanese "Deep Sea 2000", the shell of the U.S. Navy Deep Sea Rescue Vehicle (DSRV), and the buoyancy ball.
4. Jiaolong submersible
See Figure 2-1 for Jiaolong, China's first independently designed and integrated manned submersible. The 3759m sea trial was completed in July 2010. On August 1, 2011, the Jiaolong officially began the submarine operation at a depth of 5180m. This diving depth means that Jiaolong can reach more than 70% of the world's seabed. The design depth of Jiaolong is 7000m, the first in the world. It is expected that the 7000m sea trial will be carried out in 2012. The scope of work covers 99.8% of the global marine area. China's manned deep diving program is currently steadily advancing. Deep submersibles are the commanding heights of marine technology development. Similar to manned space projects, they reflect a country's comprehensive technical strength. The activities of deep-sea manned submersibles cover the continental slopes, seamounts, craters, ridges and ocean floors. They have made a lot of research achievements in geochemistry, geophysics and marine biology.
5. Sonar deflector
The titanium alloy sonar dome has excellent comprehensive performance and is used in the sonar system of Russian "Kursk", "Minsk", "Kiev" and other ships. According to the different requirements of underwater and surface applications, there are basically two kinds of sound transmission materials for the shell plate of the sonar deflector of the naval vessels in service, one is stainless steel, and the other is fiber-reinforced glass fiber reinforced plastic. During the "Ninth Five-Year Plan" period, China has carried out the application research of titanium alloy on the sonar dome of ships.
6. Propeller
Propeller material requires high strength, good fatigue performance in seawater medium, erosion resistance and cavitation corrosion resistance, and titanium alloy can meet the above comprehensive performance requirements. The US Navy first used a 1500mm diameter, four-blade detachable supercavitating titanium alloy propeller on hydrofoil craft. China developed the hydrofoil speedboat propeller in 1972. Up to now, it has produced various titanium alloy propellers with a diameter of 450~1100mm, and can produce fixed titanium alloy propellers with a maximum diameter of 1200mm and a mass of 130kg. Long-term use shows that the service life of titanium alloy propeller is more than five times that of copper alloy propeller.
7. Pump, valve and piping system of ship
The pump, valve and pipe on the ship have a service life of only 2 to 5 years because of the very bad working conditions. The titanium alloy has a good effect after replacement and is suitable for the high flow rate dynamic seawater pipeline. The service life standard of ship pipelines in Russia stipulates three service life requirements, that is, the period of the first docking repair (8~9 years); The service life shall not be less than 15 years; The whole life requires that all classes of ships should operate reliably in 25-30 years.
8. Atomic power ship
Russia uses titanium alloy instead of stainless steel to make steam engines, heat exchangers and coolers of ships, which overcomes corrosion damage. The titanium steam engine is widely used in the power plant of the existing atomic icebreaker in Russia. Using titanium alloy can prolong the service life of its engine by more than ten times
